The primary objective of the Program in Industrial Ecology (PIE) is to provide University of Michigan graduate students with fundamental skills in and knowledge of industrial ecology methods and applications. PIE’s certificate complements any field of study by providing specialization in technological and industrial innovation, consumer behavior and consumption patterns, policy and regulatory issues, and economic factors and market forces to achieve more sustainable systems. Participating students will be better prepared to design and manage natural and industrial systems to meet human needs in an environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable manner. Due to the interdisciplinary emphasis of the Program in Industrial Ecology, required courses are offered from various University of Michigan units, including Environment and Sustainability, Engineering, Public Health, Public Policy, and the Business School.